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Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhili ((アラビア語:أبو الحسن الشاذلي)) (full name: Abu al-Hasan ʿAlee ibn ʿAbd Allaah ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbaar al-Hasanī wal-Husaynī ash-Shadhili) aka Sheikh Shazly (Shazli) (AH/1196 CE – 656 AH/1258 CE ) is an influential North-African Islamic scholar and Sufi, founder of the Shadhili Sufi order.
==Early life==
He was born in a royal family of a business man in Bani Yafrah in the Ghomara tribe, near Ceuta in the north of Morocco in 1196.〔Elmer H. Douglas (ed.), ''Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim Al-Sabbagh, The Mystical Teachings of Al-Shādhilī: Including His Life, Prayers'', Suny Press, 1993, p. 3〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Birth of Imam Shazuli - Shazuliya Tariqa - Fassiyathush Shazuliya - Thareeqush shukr - Imam Shazuli - Quthbul Akbar - Ghousul Ashar - Sheikh Shazuli )〕 A syed of Hassani-Idrisid decent, he was a Maliki who wandered far afield in search of knowledge. Immensely learned, even as a young man, he was famous for his ability to engage in legal argumentation with the religions scholars of his day. As a young man, Hazrat Abul Hasan was hesitating between living the life of an ascetic in the wilderness in order to give himself up totally to worship and invocation, or to return to the towns and settlements to be in the company of the scholars and the righteous. He studied in Fes and moved to Alexandria in 1244.〔Caesar E. Farah, ''Islam: beliefs and observances'', p. 231〕 In Iraq he met the Sufi master al-Wasiti, who advised him that he could find his Spiritual Master (Sheikh) in the country Abul Hasan had travelled from: Abd as-Salam ibn Mashish, the great Moroccan spiritual master. Under his guidance, Abul Hasan attained enlightenment and proceeded to spread his knowledge across North Africa, especially in Tunisia and Egypt, where he is buried. He founded his first zawiyya in Tunis in 1227. He died in 1258 in Humaithra,〔http://www.spiritualfoundation.net/sufisshaykhs3.htm#111124615〕 Egypt, while he was on his way to the pilgrimage in Mecca in 1258. Humaithara is between Marsa Alam and Aswan in Egypt and his shrine there is highly venerated.
When he heard of a saintly man teaching Islamic sciences in the Al-Qarawiyyin university of Fez he hastened to meet him and his life changed. This man was the Sufi and scholar Hazrat Mohammed ibn Harazem (d. 633/1218), grandson of Hazrat Abul Hassan Ali ibn Harzihim (d. 559/1144) and student of Hazrat Abu Salih Mohammed Majiri (d. 631/1216), who had been instrumental in the orientation of Hazrat Abul Hassan to seek the spiritual Pole of the time (Qutb az-Zaman).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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